Educational only. Oil heat involves fire, electrical, and carbon-monoxide hazards. Know what is safe to check, and when to stop and call a licensed technician.

Combustion test kit

A burner is set up to numbers, not to the look of the flame. The analyzer reads oxygen, carbon monoxide and stack temperature and works out efficiency. It does not read smoke, so the smoke spot tester stays in the bag beside it. Draft is set before the fire is tuned, and the meter proves the electrical side on a no-heat call.

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Handheld combustion analyzer with a color screen, a keypad and a probe hose, the instrument an oil burner is set up with

Combustion analyzer

A handheld instrument with a probe that goes in the flue. It reads oxygen, carbon monoxide, stack temperature and draft, and works out the efficiency and the carbon dioxide.

Why it earns its place: It is how a burner gets set up. Air and nozzle are adjusted to what the analyzer reads, not to how the flame looks.

Smoke spot tester

A hand pump that pulls a set volume of flue gas through a paper strip. The spot it leaves is matched to a scale from 0 to 9.

Why it earns its place: An electronic analyzer does not read smoke. A clean, efficient fire still needs a low smoke number, so both come out of the bag.

Draft gauge

Reads the small negative pressure in the flue and over the fire, in hundredths of an inch of water.

Why it earns its place: Draft is set before the fire is tuned, and the barometric damper is set by it.

Clamp multimeter

Reads volts, ohms and continuity. A clamp model reads motor amps without opening the wiring.

Why it earns its place: Half of no-heat calls are electrical. Proving 120 volts at the control and reading the cad cell takes a meter, not a guess.

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